自2007年發(fā)現(xiàn)氫氣生物學(xué)效應(yīng)以來，國際上已經(jīng)發(fā)表相關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)論文接近1500篇，在這些論文中，涉及到代謝性疾病，特別是糖尿病和代謝綜合征的研究最為突出。
 

氫氣對代謝性疾病改善效應(yīng)研究的概況。從研究手段上看，有細(xì)胞學(xué)研究研究損傷分子機(jī)制，例如發(fā)現(xiàn)氫氣可以對抗糖基化產(chǎn)物導(dǎo)致的細(xì)胞損傷，氫氣可以促進(jìn)肌肉細(xì)胞葡萄糖攝取能力，通過CD表達(dá)調(diào)節(jié)抑制肝臟細(xì)胞脂質(zhì)積聚的。更多是動物實驗研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)氫氣可以對抗動脈硬化，調(diào)節(jié)脂蛋白代謝，對抗脂肪肝引起的肝硬化以及肝癌的發(fā)生，減少藥物性肝損傷，對糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變的保護(hù)作用，對代謝性腎臟損傷的保護(hù)作用，糖尿病引起的ED等。臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn)氫氣水可以對早期糖尿病患者具有明顯保護(hù)作用，糾正代謝綜合征患者的脂代謝紊亂。
 

氫氣對代謝疾病疾病的研究仍有巨大空間。首先，臨床研究規(guī)模小，目前仍沒有超過100例以上的病理報道。其次，研究疾病種類過于單一，目前只停留在代謝綜合征改善方面，而對糖尿病引起的多種并發(fā)癥沒有涉及。最后，沒有長期效應(yīng)觀察。長期效應(yīng)是決定該干預(yù)措施是否真正有價值的最重要條件，但開展長期干預(yù)研究需要醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)、社區(qū)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)的密切配合。
 

氫氣對代謝性疾病研究的展望。以糖尿病為主的代謝性疾病是可能威脅中國醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生安全的重要問題，已經(jīng)引起國家和眾多學(xué)者的關(guān)注，但采用切實有效，經(jīng)濟(jì)簡單的有效預(yù)防措施是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。圍繞氫氣相關(guān)研究可以開展的研究有。
 

一、氫氣補(bǔ)充方式研究。1)通過補(bǔ)充腸道菌群調(diào)節(jié)作用的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，激發(fā)體內(nèi)細(xì)菌產(chǎn)氫預(yù)防疾病的研究;2)可以直接促進(jìn)體內(nèi)產(chǎn)氫的無機(jī)物，例如金屬鎂、氫化金屬物質(zhì)等：3)通過飲用氫氣飽和水，作為日常直接補(bǔ)充氫氣的有效措施研究;4)通過呼吸氫氣、氫氣沐浴、氫氣局部使用的特殊技術(shù)研究。
 

二、轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)研究。1)以代謝綜合征為主的糖尿病預(yù)防措施研究;2)以糖尿病為主的糖尿病改善研究;3)以心腦血管疾病、肝臟腎臟功能障礙、性功能障礙和視網(wǎng)膜疾病等末斷糖尿病并發(fā)癥為主重要器官功能保護(hù)研究。
 

三、分子機(jī)制研究。1)圍繞糖代謝、脂肪代謝為主的代謝效應(yīng)研究;2)圍繞炎癥、氧化損傷和細(xì)胞死亡為主的病理效應(yīng)研究;3)圍繞酶活性調(diào)節(jié)、各類組學(xué)、小RNA、長鏈非轉(zhuǎn)露RNA等尋找氫氣分子作用靶點的研究。
 

1. Ohsawa, Ikuroh, et al. "Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice." Biochemical and biophysical research communications 377.4 (2008): 1195-1198.(證明氫氣預(yù)防動脈硬化)

2. Kamimura, Naomi, et al. "Molecular hydrogen improves obesity and diabetes by inducing hepatic FGF21 and stimulating energy metabolism in db/db mice." Obesity 19.7 (2011): 1396-1403.(氫氣的減肥作用)

3. Hashimoto, Michio, et al. "Effects of hydrogen-rich water on abnormalities in a SHR. Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat-a metabolic syndrome rat model." Medical gas research 1.1 (2011): 1-6.(氫氣可對抗代謝綜合征)

4. Sun H Y, Chen L, Zhou W, et al. The protective role of hydrogen-rich saline in experimental liver injury in mice[J]. Journal of hepatology, 2011, 54(3): 471-480.(氫氣對多種肝硬化的改善作用)

5. Kawai D, Takaki A, Nakatsuka A, et al. Hydrogen‐rich water prevents progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and accompanying hepatocarcinogenesis in mice[J]. Hepatology, 2012, 56(3): 912-921.(氫氣減輕脂肪肝減少原發(fā)性肝癌)

6. Song, Guohua, et al. "Hydrogen decreases athero-susceptibility in apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and aorta of apolipoprotein E knockout mice." Atherosclerosis 221.1 (2012): 55-65.(對脂蛋白的影響)

7. Zong, Chuanlong, et al. "Administration of hydrogen-saturated saline decreases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and improves high-density lipoprotein function in high-fat diet–fed hamsters." Metabolism 61.6 (2012): 794-800.(對高脂飲食導(dǎo)致的脂肪代謝紊亂)

8. Katakura, Masanori, et al. "Hydrogen-rich water inhibits glucose and alpha, beta-dicarbonyl compound-induced reactive oxygen species production in the SHR. Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat kidney." Med Gas Res 2.1 (2012): 18.(代謝性疾病導(dǎo)致的腎臟損傷)

9. Zheng, Hao, and Yong-Sheng Yu. "Chronic hydrogen-rich saline treatment attenuates vascular dysfunction in spontaneous hypertensive rats." Biochemical Pharmacology 83.9 (2012): 1269-1277.(高血壓)

10. Yu, Yong-Sheng, and Hao Zheng. "Chronic hydrogen-rich saline treatment reduces oxidative stress and attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneous hypertensive rats." Molecular and cellular biochemistry 365.1-2 (2012): 233-242.(高血壓)

11. Wang, Q. J., et al. "Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress." Chin Med J 125 (2012): 1633-1637.(糖尿病氧化應(yīng)激)

12. Amitani, Haruka, et al. "Hydrogen Improves Glycemic Control in Type1 Diabetic Animal Model by Promoting Glucose Uptake into Skeletal Muscle." PloS one 8.1 (2013): e53913.(促進(jìn)肌肉細(xì)胞葡萄糖攝取)

13. Takaki, Akinobu, Daisuke Kawai, and Kazuhide Yamamoto. "Multiple Hits, Including Oxidative Stress, as Pathogenesis and Treatment Target in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)." International journal of molecular sciences 14.10 (2013): 20704-20728.(非酒精性脂肪肝)

14. Wessells, Hunter. "Insights and Interventions in Diabetes Associated Erectile Dysfunction." Journal of Urology, The 190.1 (2013): 15-16.(糖尿病ED)

15. Iio, Akio, et al. "Molecular hydrogen attenuates fatty acid uptake and lipid accumulation through downregulating CD36 expression in HepG2 cells." Medical gas research 3.1 (2013): 6.(減少肝細(xì)胞脂積聚)

16. Katakura, Masanori, and Michio Hashimoto. "Antioxidant Renoprotective Effects of Hydrogen-rich Water in the SHR. Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr Rat-a Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model."(代謝綜合征腎臟損傷)

17. Ignacio, R. M., et al. "Anti-obesity Effect of Alkaline Reduced Water in High Fat-Fed Obese Mice." Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 36.7 (2012): 1052-1059.(減肥作用)

18. Jiang, Hong, et al. "Hydrogen-rich medium suppresses the generation of reactive oxygen species, elevates the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis." International journal of molecular medicine 31.6 (2013): 1381.(糖基化代謝產(chǎn)物損傷)

19. Koyama, Yukinori, et al. "Effects of oral intake of hydrogen water on liver fibrogenesis in mice." Hepatology Research (2013).(肝硬化)

20. Feng, Yanqing, et al. "Hydrogen-Rich Saline Prevents Early Neurovascular Dysfunction Resulting from Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in STZ-Diabetic Rats." Current eye research 38.3 (2012): 396-404.(糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變)

21. Xiao X, Cai J, Xu J, et al. Protective effects of hydrogen saline on diabetic retinopathy in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model[J]. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2012, 28(1): 76-82.(糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變)

22. Kajiyama, Sizuo, et al. "Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance." Nutrition Research 28.3 (2008): 137-143.(人類糖尿病)

23. Nakao, Atsunori, et al. "Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome—an open label pilot study." Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition 46.2 (2010): 140.(人類代謝綜合征)

24. de Felippe Junior, Jose. "Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study." diabetes 3: 4.

25. Song, Guohua, et al. "Hydrogen-rich water decreases serum LDL-cholesterol levels and improves HDL function in patients with potential metabolic syndrome." Journal of Lipid Research 54.7 (2013): 1884-1893.(人類代謝綜合征脂代謝異常)